Cybernetic prosthesis and awareness
Sunday, August 10th, 2008Human have been using prosthesis from long time ago. The first complex prosthesis being developed were the glasses (whose inventor is still a dispute). Artificial limbs are even older : egyptians used them to restore walking ability to amputed workers.
Artificial implants became more integrated in the human body as our knowledge increased: from the contact lenses to the cochlear implant. The cochlear implant is one of the first device that directly produce neuronal signals into the cochlear nerves. It’s amazing if you think about it. The more we go in the periphery of the body the more the electrical signals are easy to reproduce. A german company called Otto Bock, recently managed to restore full gait to a patient with full spinal cord injury embedding a transmitter and a receiver to bypass the spinal rupture (photos from the fair in Germany).
Artificial retinas are also in a good state of implementation. The problem is that: where is our identity?
The brain is a neuronal network as well as our sensor-motor network. Cybernetic principle of the embodiment tell us that our “self” is the “controller” in the closed loop. We produce neural output and sense neural input. One could say: oky the brain is the central processing unit and if you touch it you loose your identity. But think about patient with some brain injuries\malfunctions: amnesia in any forms, corpus callosum removed patient (the well known syndrome alien hand) or with cortex disorders (schizophrenia) and many others. If I loose part of my memory, am I still me? If i loose one part of my brain am I still me?
If I transfer a body atom by atom into another location, I’m still me?
This questions are very hard to answer because we don’t know our boundaries and how self-awareness is implemented into the brain. Mirror neurons are an answer only for imitative learning.
Will we find the part of the brain responsible for sel-awareness? Or it’s just our memories, encoded as echo states into the brain?